{"id":2252,"date":"2022-06-06T18:09:04","date_gmt":"2022-06-06T15:09:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.havran.com.tr\/?page_id=2252"},"modified":"2022-06-21T13:28:18","modified_gmt":"2022-06-21T10:28:18","slug":"historical-havran-cemetery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.havran.com.tr\/en\/havran\/historical-havran-cemetery\/","title":{"rendered":"Historical Havran Cemetery"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

MEZAR TA\u015eLARINDAK\u0130 SANAT<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de say\u0131lar\u0131 az olan eski Osmanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mezarl\u0131klar\u0131ndan birisi de Havran\u2019da bulunur. Havran giri\u015finin sa\u011f taraf\u0131 boylu boyunca kabristanl\u0131kt\u0131r. As\u0131rl\u0131k selviler aras\u0131nda, Biraz karamsarl\u0131k, biraz h\u00fcz\u00fcn katar bu manzara Havran\u2019a.. Ancak sonra anlars\u0131n\u0131z buras\u0131n\u0131n bir \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcler \u015fehri\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131.. Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n mezar ta\u015f\u0131 gelene\u011finin b\u00fct\u00fcn zenginli\u011fini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran, \u00fclkemizde art\u0131k \u00e7ok az kalm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan birisi olan bu kabristanl\u0131kta, hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131ran g\u00fczellikleri fark edersiniz.<\/p>\n

Havran Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1000 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihiyle ve muhte\u015fem i\u015flemeli mezar ta\u015flar\u0131yla il\u00e7enin \u0130nan\u00e7 Turizmi\u2019ni hareketlendiren ve bu anlamda Havran\u2019a \u00e7evre illerden ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinden ziyaret\u00e7i gelmesini sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel mirast\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

700 evliyan\u0131n yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mezarl\u0131k..<\/h3>\n

65.000 m\u00b2 alana sahip olan mezarl\u0131k, as\u0131rlar \u00f6ncesi \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Havran Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ve \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Havran Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda da birle\u015ftirilerek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk duvarlarla \u00e7evrilmesinin Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman zaman\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgeden sorumlu S\u00fcleyman komutan taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bug\u00fcne aktar\u0131lan bilgiler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]Erenlerin ve evliyalar\u0131n ebedi istirahatgah\u0131 olan Havran Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tarihinin, bilinenden \u00e7ok daha eski oldu\u011fu yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131yla delillendirilmi\u015ftir. Mezarl\u0131k alan\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, belli noktalarda toplu olarak ancak da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k \u015fekilde g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan yaz\u0131s\u0131z ve bezemesiz eski d\u00f6nem mezar ta\u015flar\u0131, evliya ve sahabelerin ebedi istiratgahlar\u0131n\u0131 bizlere i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Havran Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Padi\u015fah 2.Murat\u2019\u0131n torunu ve Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in ye\u011feni Haf\u0131z Osman, Hasan Baba ve Mustafa Dede kabirleri, Arap Hoca, Sabri Hoca ve Nak\u015fibendi tarikat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen erenleri ve ermi\u015fleri, Nurettin ve Halil Haf\u0131zlar gibi \u00f6nemli zatlar\u0131n ebedi istirahatgah\u0131 Havran Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 evliya Havran Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda yatmaktad\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”1600″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” style=”vc_box_rounded” label=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\u0130stanbul\u2019daki Osmanl\u0131 mezarl\u0131klar\u0131nda g\u00f6rece\u011finiz mezar ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ve ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hemen ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Havran Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Havran Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda gezerken kendinizi Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Ba\u015fkenti \u0130stanbul\u2019da gibi hissedersiniz. \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Osmanl\u0131 mezarl\u0131klar\u0131nda g\u00f6rece\u011finiz mezar ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ve ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hemen ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Havran Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 ile ilgili Prof.Dr. \u0130lber Ortayl\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cMezar ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re mezar sahibinin hangi s\u0131n\u0131fa mensup oldu\u011funu anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Esnaftan m\u0131, tarikat erbab\u0131ndan m\u0131, \u015feyh mi? Her bir tarikat\u0131n kendine g\u00f6re bir serpu\u015fu vard\u0131r. Gene ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Kad\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r, Kazasker midir, M\u00fcderris midir, anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mezar ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda gizemli bir yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fczerinde bulunan her bir motif bize farkl\u0131 bir \u015feyi anlat\u0131r. Mezar ta\u015flar\u0131na \u00f6lenin ad\u0131n\u0131n, soyad\u0131n\u0131n, do\u011fum ve \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihinin, \u015fiirlerinin, \u00f6zdeyi\u015flerin, \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131lar\u0131n, dua isteklerinin, cinsiyet ve meslek belirten ba\u015fl\u0131k ve serpu\u015flar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bitkisel, geometrik ve fig\u00fcratif desenler ve motifler, meslek belirten i\u015faretler ve amblemler de i\u015flenir ve bunlar\u0131n hepsinin farkl\u0131 bir anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r. Mesela ba\u015f \u015fahidesi \u00fczerinde yer alan ba\u015fl\u0131k, mezar ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck sanat de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturur. Osmanl\u0131 mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 ilk ba\u015fta bir insan\u0131 and\u0131ran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc ile kendini belli eder. Boyun ve ba\u015f\u0131n silueti, ta\u015f \u00fczerinde bir boyunluk ve serpu\u015f \u015feklinde vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Kad\u0131n mezar ta\u015flar\u0131nda ise ba\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n zarafetini anlat\u0131r, tarzda ince bir i\u015f\u00e7ilikle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 erkek ve kad\u0131n mezar\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 yap\u0131 itibariyle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fundan kendini fark ettirir fakat k\u0131z-erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n mezar ta\u015flar\u0131, yeti\u015fkin erkek ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Erkek mezar ta\u015flar\u0131nda \u201cba\u015fl\u0131k\u201d kendini g\u00f6sterir. Ba\u015f ta\u015flar\u0131nda sar\u0131k, kavuk veya fes yer al\u0131r. Havran Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda da s\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6rneklerine rastlan\u0131lan ve \u2018\u2019Sar\u0131kl\u0131\u2019\u2019 olan mezar ta\u015flar\u0131, 16.yy\u2019a ait ve en eski olanlardand\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer \u00f6zellik ise yaz\u0131l\u0131 metnin yani kitabenin en ez 4-5 sat\u0131r olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 ise \u00e7ok uzaktan bile hemen anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00fczerlerinde mutlaka \u00e7i\u00e7ek, sembol, \u015fekil, tasvir ve kabartmalar vard\u0131r. En belirgin \u00f6zellik ise \u00e7i\u00e7ek motifleridir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Osmanl\u0131, kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek olarak alg\u0131lam\u0131\u015f ve kad\u0131n mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7ok zarif dekorlarla ta\u015flara hakkedilmi\u015flerdir. Anlat\u0131lan ve yaz\u0131lanlar\u0131n tam tersine Osmanl\u0131 insan\u0131 ya\u015farken kad\u0131nlara \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer atfetmi\u015f ve bunu \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra da mezar ta\u015flar\u0131nda devam ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mezar ta\u015flar\u0131ndaki bezemeler<\/h3>\n

Mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki s\u00fcslemeleri daha \u00e7ok a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrleri, \u00e7i\u00e7ek ve meyve motifleri olu\u015fturur. Bunlar aras\u0131nda genel itibariyle hayat a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 sembolize eden servi, asma ve hurma en \u00e7ok rastlanan a\u011fa\u00e7lardand\u0131r. Meyve olarak incir, \u00fcz\u00fcm, nar ve ayr\u0131ca meyve tabaklar\u0131 mezar ta\u015flar\u0131na i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. \u00c7i\u00e7ek motifleri aras\u0131nda ise g\u00fcl, lale, karanfil, s\u00fcmb\u00fcl, gonca bahar dallar\u0131 ve yaprak motiflerine rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk s\u00fcsleme sanat\u0131na genel olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kandil, arma, ni\u015fan, han\u00e7er, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, s\u00fcrahi, ibrik, kase, kalem, sepet, kama, istiridye, mesleki alet gibi pek \u00e7ok g\u00fcnl\u00fck kullan\u0131m e\u015fyas\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u00fcs arac\u0131 olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerde (hal\u0131, kilim, seccade vb.) kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu s\u00fcsleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 mezar ta\u015flar\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Ay-y\u0131ld\u0131z ve cami tasvirleri de Havran mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 toplumu bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 inan\u00e7 ve mezheplere kucak a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bir medeniyetti. De\u011fi\u015fik tarikatlardaki \u00fcyeler de bu sebeple de\u011fi\u015fik ba\u015fl\u0131klar kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ve mezar ta\u015flar\u0131nda kendilerine has i\u015faretleri mevcuttu. Her tarikat\u0131n kendine mahsus bir tac\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Mezarl\u0131klarda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z baz\u0131 tarikat ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cMel\u00e2m\u00ee, Mevlev\u00ee, Nak\u015fibend\u00ee, Bekta\u015f\u00ee, Zeyn\u00ee, K\u00e2dir\u00ee, S\u00fcnb\u00fcl\u00ee ve Ruf\u00e2\u00ee\u201d mezar ta\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlerine Havran mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da rastlanmaktad\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]

\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure>
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]